Frequently Asked Questions

Max Supply:
The maximum number of quantum coins that will ever exist.

Total Supply:
Total number of coins currently mined, minus any burnt coins.

Circulating Supply:
Total number of coins in circulation currently. This will be lesser than or equal to Total Supply.

Burnt Coins:
Number of coins that have been burnt. This is the balance of the zero address.

Block Rewards:
Number of coins issued as block rewards to block proposers (validators), excluding transaction fee rewards.

Txn Fee Rewards:
Number of coins given to block proposers (validators) as a precentage of the transaction fees. 50% of transaction fees of each block are given to block proposers.

Burnt Txn Fee:
Number of coins burnt as a precentage of the transaction fees. 50% of transaction fees of each block are burnt (sent to the zero address).

Slashed Coins:
Number of coins slashed (penalty / fine) for offline and misbehaving validators. These coins are burnt (sent to the zero address).

Total supply is 100 trillion coins. Circulating supply is 15 trillion, based on supply allocated from DogeP tokens as part of mainnet launch. For details, see blockchain allocation whitepaper.

Quantum Coin mainnet uses proof of stake consensus using a 3 phase pBFT consensus algorithm. For details, see consensus whitepaper.

Yes, Quantum Coin uses the finalized NIST standardized post-quantum cryptographic algorithms in hybrid mode.

For digital signatures, Quantum Coin implements:

• ML-DSA (FIPS 204) - Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Algorithm (formerly CRYSTALS-Dilithium)
• SLH-DSA (FIPS 205) - Stateless Hash-Based Digital Signature Algorithm (formerly SPHINCS+)
• Ed25519 (FIPS 186-5) - Classical EdDSA signature for hybrid security

For node-to-node key establishment:

• ML-KEM (FIPS 203) - Module-Lattice-Based Key-Encapsulation Mechanism (formerly CRYSTALS-Kyber)

Verification requires all component signatures (ML-DSA, SLH-DSA, and Ed25519) to be valid, providing protection against both classical and quantum-computer-based attacks. These algorithms are the finalized standards from NIST's Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization project. See the Quantum Resistance documentation and the open-source implementation at the Quantum Coin Go node repository.

Hybrid cryptography combines post-quantum algorithms with classical algorithms to provide a defense-in-depth security model.

Quantum Coin uses hybrid mode because:

• Algorithmic Agility: It maintains security even if one of the component algorithms is found to have a vulnerability.
• Transition Best Practices: Global security agencies (NIST, ANSSI, BSI) recommend hybrid constructions during the transition from classical to post-quantum cryptography.
• Legacy Protection: It ensures compatibility and security against classical attackers using established elliptic curve schemes while adding quantum-resistant layers.

In Quantum Coin's hybrid signature scheme, verification requires ML-DSA (FIPS 204), SLH-DSA (FIPS 205), and Ed25519 (FIPS 186-5) signatures to all be valid for a transaction to be accepted by the network.

The implementation is fully open source and can be audited at:

• Repository: github.com/quantumcoinproject/quantum-coin-go
• Cryptography code: See the /crypto directory for finalized FIPS 203, 204, and 205 implementations.
• P2P handshake with ML-KEM: See the /p2p/rlpx directory for the hybrid key exchange logic.

The codebase follows the finalized NIST specifications for ML-DSA (FIPS 204), SLH-DSA (FIPS 205), and ML-KEM (FIPS 203).

Mainnet was launched on 123123 (December 31st, 2023).

The base gas fee of a transaction is 21000 gas, same like Ethereum. The fee for this based transactions is fixed roughly at 1000 coins. Smart Contract transactions will have a proportional fee according to their gas usage. There is no priority fee or surge pricing or miner tips or any similar concept in Quantum Coin, though there may be some references to them in the code.

Transactions are ordered dynamically based on a hash value derived from the fromAddress and parent block hash. This gives a fair transaction placement independent of miner tips or priority fee, for transaction ordering.

While quantum coin is based on Ethereum's geth codebase, there are major differences in Quantum Coin compared to Ethereum.

• Quantum Coin uses NIST standardized post-quantum cryptography in hybrid mode (ML-DSA, SLH-DSA, ML-KEM with ed25519) compared to Ethereum which uses non-quantum resistant algorithms. See Quantum Resistance whitepaper.
• Quantum Coin has 32 byte addresses (66 characters in hex including 0x) compared to 20 bytes for Ethereum. This gives Quantum Coin additional security against hash collisions.
• Quantum Coin has no priority fee for transactions unlike Ethereum and makes transaction ordering fair.
• Quantum Coin uses a customized variant of pBFT consensus while Ethereum uses Gasper. Both use proof-of-stake consensus.
• Quantum Coin has block time, gas per block, TPS, block rewards compared to Ethereum. Please see other questions in this FAQ for details.
• Validators are selected per block in Quantum Coin, instead of on a slot basis in Ethereum.

Smart Contracts are written in Solidity 7.6. A key difference from Ethereum is that Solidity has been updated to support 32 byte addresses in Quantum Coin. For more information, see Solidity Documentation.

The initial supply for mainnet was based on the allocation for DogeP tokens as described in the blockchain allocation whitepaper.

Yes, tokens in the same model as ERC20 Tokens are supported. Likewise NFTs are supported similar to Etheruem.

The current block times as seen on mainnet are between 20 to 24 seconds per block. The block time goal is 6 seconds.

The TPS is dynamic. For details, see Dynamic TPS model.

The gas limit per block is set to 300 million, though it may be adjusted dynamically in the future. Under ideal network conditions and capable hardware, this equates to about 14285 basic transactions per block.

Blocks are considered finalized as soon as they are committed, because of the 3 phase pBFT consensus algorithm.

The current block reward per block is 951293 coins that will halven every 21024000 blocks. For details, see block rewards.

The initial validators were those who had DogeP tokens and opted to become genesis validators. For details, see Genesis Validators.